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Everyday items, like prescription drugs, gasoline and plastics, all undergo several rounds of catalytic processes during manufacturing.

A clearer understanding of how a type of brain cell known as astrocytes function and can be emulated in the physics of hardware devices may result in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning that autonomously self-repairs and consumes much less energy than the technologies currently do.

For years, researchers believed that the smaller the domain size in a ferroelectric crystal, the greater the piezoelectric properties of the material. However, recent findings by Penn State researchers have raised questions about this standard rule.

Tiny defects hold key to turning inert materials into more useful chemically active ones