We have developed a closed-loop neurostimulation framework that synchronizes transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with individual brain rhythms to improve treatment outcomes for depression. By combining real-time EEG phase tracking with fMRI-guided targeting, stimulation is precisely aligned to each person’s neural state, yielding stronger network engagement and more reliable clinical effects. This work illustrates how adaptive control and multimodal sensing can transform neurostimulation into a precision engineering system for psychiatry and beyond.
Xiaoxiao Sun | Biomedical Engineering